ISE 2023年第2期

Abstract: Premiums and eligibility for health insurance may cause a “marriage lock,” in which couples stay married for the sake of maintaining health insurance coverage. By using the Health and Retirement Study for adults aged 60–70, I examine whether employer-based health insurance coverage for the spouse discourages divorce for spousal health insurance coverage-dependent individuals. Diverse difference-in-difference models provide evidence of a 7 percentage points increase in the number of divorces upon achieving Medicare eligibility at age 65 for people with spousal insurance coverage relative to those without it. The estimates thus provide evidence that marriage lock exists.

健康保险覆盖和婚姻行为：是否存在婚姻锁定？

摘要：健康保险的保费和资格可能会导致婚姻锁定，即夫妻为了维持健康保险而保持婚姻。通过使用60-70岁成年人的健康和退休数据，本文作者研究了雇主提供的配偶健康保险是否阻止了依赖配偶健康保险个人的离婚。不同的双重差分模型得到的结果表明，有配偶保险的人在65岁获得Medicare保险资格时，相对于没有配偶保险的人，离婚的数量增加了7个百分点。因此，估计结果证明了婚姻锁定的存在。

Production network: Application in China

Abstract: Based on the input–output table and the supplier–customer data disclosed by the listed companies in China, this paper builds China's production network on both industry level and firm level. We describe the characteristics of such network using various network indexes and obtain the following results: first, China's production network on industry level is featured by “small world” and “sparsity,” and continues to become sparser. The existence of hub-like sectors makes the influence of sectoral shocks on macro fluctuations increasingly important. Second, China's production network on firm level has three types of structures: horizontal, ring, and star. Automobile and pharmaceutical industries show obvious intra-industry network cluster features. This paper aims to deepen the understanding of production network on both macro and micro levels, and provide a basis for future study on the propagation of external shocks in production networks.

生产网络：在中国的应用

摘要：本文以中国上市公司披露的投入产出表和供应商-客户数据为基础，在行业和企业层面构建了中国的生产网络。我们用各种网络指标描述了这种网络的特点，并得到以下结果：首先，中国行业层面的生产网络具有小世界和稀疏性的特点，趋势上变得更加稀疏。枢纽型部门的存在使得部门冲击对宏观波动的影响越来越重要。第二，中国企业层面的生产网络有三种结构：水平、环形和星形。汽车和医药行业表现出明显的行业内网络集群特征。本文旨在加深对宏观和微观层面的生产网络的理解，并为今后研究外部冲击在生产网络中的传播提供依据。

Group lying with negative externality

Abstract：We use a modified die-rolling experiment to study whether negative externality affects a group's decisions about whether to cheat. Our results show that group members are less likely to lie when faced with a passive out-group player only if two members of the group share an unequal payment for lying. The less-paid party in the group plays a dominant role in the honest decision by proposing the true number more frequently in arguments for group coordination.

群体说谎与负外部性

摘要：我们使用一个改进的掷骰子实验来研究负外部性是否会影响一个群体关于是否说谎的决定。我们的研究结果表明，只有在群体中两个成员分享不等的说谎报酬且说谎会损害被动的群体外参与者的时候，群体才选择不说谎。群体中报酬较少的一方在诚实决策中起主导作用，其在团体协调的交流中更频繁地提及真实的骰子点数。

The impact of guardian's usage of the Internet on children's cognitive skills

Abstract：In the digital age, the internet has become an essential source of information gathering and maintains a network of social contact. In this paper, we use microdata from the China Family Panel Studies to examine the effects of guardian's internet use on teenager's cognitive skills. Using mobile internet users and base station density as instruments, we found that guardian's internet use had a significant impact on teenager's cognitive abilities as measured by math and verbal tests. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact is more substantial for guardians in rural areas and less-educated guardians. Further exploration of the mechanism shows that internet usage affects cognitive skills through monetary investment, time investment, and parental environment. The result suggests that promoting internet usage for less educated families in rural areas can potentially improve children's academic performance and decrease inequality across regions and generations.

监护人使用互联网对子女认知的影响

摘要: 在数字时代，互联网已经成为收集信息和维持社交网络的重要途径。本文中，我们使用来自中国家庭追踪调查的微观数据来检验监护人使用互联网对青少年认知的影响。使用移动互联网用户数量和基站密度作为工具变量，我们发现监护人使用互联网对以数学和语言测试成绩来衡量的青少年认知有显著的正向影响。异质性分析表明，使用互联网对身处农村的监护人和受教育程度较低的监护人的影响更大。对影响机制的探索进一步显示，互联网的使用主要通过改变监护人对子女在金钱、时间上的投资和养育环境来影响认知技能。我们的结果表明，促进农村地区和受教育程度较低的家庭使用互联网可以提高子女的学业表现，并减少地区和代际之间的不平等。

The Easterlin paradox of entrepreneurs during China's economic transition

Abstract：This paper investigates the determinants and the time pattern of the subjective well-being of private business owners. We find that both personal and enterprise-level factors have a significant influence on subjective status of private business owners. Meanwhile, we find supportive evidence of Easterlin paradox among Chinese private entrepreneurs: both personal income and operating revenue enhance subjective status in a certain period, but subjective status declines as time goes by, even as incomes continue to rise. A further Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition suggests that the competition and provincial factors are the keys to explaining the paradox. Finally, we try to verify the positive effect of political connection on entrepreneurs' subjective status to provide some helpful advice for the government.

中国经济转型时期企业家的Easterlin悖论

摘要：本文研究了中国私营企业家主观地位的决定因素和随时间变化的模式。我们发现，个人和企业层面的因素都对私营企业家的主观地位有显著影响。同时，我们在中国私营企业家群体中发现了Easterlin悖论的支持性证据：个人收入和营业收入在一定时期内都提高了主观地位，但随着时间的推移，即使收入继续上升，主观地位也会下降。进一步的Oaxaca-Blinder分解表明，竞争和省份特征是解释该悖论的关键。最后，我们试图验证政治关联对企业家主观地位的积极影响，为政府提供一些有益的建议。

Does foreign aid reduce the country's risk of OFDI?

The Chinese experience

Abstract：Using a sample of 124 countries assisted by China from 2000 to 2019, this paper examines the impact of foreign aid on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and the mitigation mechanism of risk. The research finds that, first, foreign aid can significantly reduce the country risk of recipient countries, especially political risk and financial risk, and thus play a role in promoting the inflow of OFDI of donor countries, and there is a lagged effect of this role; Second, foreign aid from other countries has a negative impact on China's OFDI to recipient countries, indicating that foreign aid is nonaltruistic and exclusive; Third, the mitigation effect of foreign aid on country risk is achieved through five channels: compensation effect, synergistic effect, pioneer effect, assimilation effect, and redistribution effects.

对外援助是否会降低国家对外直接投资的风险？来自中国的经验

摘要：本文以2000-2019年中国援助的124个国家为样本，研究了对外援助对对外直接投资（OFDI）的影响以及风险的缓解机制。研究发现：第一，对外援助可以显著降低受援国的国家风险，尤其是政治风险和金融风险，从而起到促进援助国对外直接投资流入的作用，并且这种作用存在滞后效应；第二，其他国家的对外援助对中国对受援国的对外直接投资具有负向影响，说明对外援助具有非利他性和排他性；第三，对外援助对国家风险的缓解作用通过五个渠道实现：补偿效应、协同效应、先锋效应、同化效应和再分配效应。