ISE 2022年第2期上线了！本期稿件涉及中国与东盟新兴经济体在全球价值链的联系、从“稻米理论”解析我国发明人团队规模、中国的天赋配置摩擦对群体间工资差距的影响、食品安全管理法规是否妨碍中国农产品出口、印度与中国在世界经济中的静态和动态显示性比较优势对比分析、中央环保督察是否改善环境质量等话题。本刊所有稿件全文开放获取，欢迎阅览！
目录
International Studies of Economics (ISE)
China's global value chain linkage and logistics performances in emerging ASEAN economies
中国与东盟新兴经济体的全球价值链联动与物流表现
Understanding the inventor team size: A view from “The Rice Theory”
从“稻米理论”视角解析我国发明人团队规模
How much between-group wage gaps can be explained by talent allocation frictions in China?
中国的天赋配置摩擦在多大程度上可以解释群体间工资差距？
Do food safety regulations impede agrifood exports of China?
Muhammad Ishaq, Zahoor ul Haq, Ping Qing, Chongguang Li
食品安全管理法规会妨碍中国农产品出口吗？
Static and dynamic RCA analysis of India and China in world economy
印度与中国在世界经济中的静态和动态显示性比较优势（RCA）分析
中央环保督察是否改善了环境质量？来自中国的证据
China's global value chain linkage and logistics performances in emerging ASEAN economies
This paper aims to evaluate the extent of China's forward linkage of global value chains (GVCs) with emerging market economies of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) compared to those with the United States and Japan, and also to examine the nexus of China's forward GVC linkage with logistics performances in emerging ASEAN economies as China's trade partners. This study uses the UNCTAD-Eora Database and applies a structural gravity trade model for empirical analysis. The statistical observations identified the major position of China's GVC, which has transformed from a backward linkage to a forward linkage since the mid-2000s. The empirical estimation verified that there is less linkage in China's forward GVC with emerging ASEAN economies than with the United States and Japan, and demonstrated that the lack of logistics performances in emerging ASEAN economies has been a significant factor in explaining the less linkage in China's forward GVC with them.
摘要：本文旨在对比评估中国在全球价值链上与东南亚国家联盟（东盟）新兴市场经济体及与美国、日本等国的前向联系程度，并考察中国与作为其贸易伙伴的东盟新兴经济体在前向全球价值链与物流表现的联动情况。本文基于UNCTAD-Eora数据库，使用结构性贸易引力模型进行实证分析。统计观察确认了中国在全球价值链中的重要地位，自2005年前后中国已经从后向联系转型为前向联系。实证预测也证实，相比与美国和日本，中国与东盟新兴经济体在全球价值链中的前向联系相对更少，且在东盟新兴经济体中物流活动的缺少也是中国与这些经济体在全球价值链中前向联系较少的重要因素。
Understanding the inventor team size: A view from “The Rice Theory”
The inventor is a vital input in acquiring new technologies. Collaboration among inventors is an essential topic for scholars. Talhelm et al. proposed The Rice Theory, highlighting the cultural differences between rice and wheat regions. This paper explores the differences in inventor team size under rice and wheat cultures using invention patent data in China. The results of ordinary least square estimation and instrumental variable estimation indicate that the size of inventor teams under rice culture is significantly smaller than that under wheat culture by 0.558–0.721 persons. Using the Chinese Qinling–Huaihe line, this paper constructs a regression discontinuity (RD) design. The local average treatment effect estimation confirms the difference in rice and wheat cultures. Subsequently, we demonstrate the significant existence of this difference through lots of robustness checks. We try to explain the phenomenon from the perspective of “The Rice Theory” by arguing that inventors in rice regions may be more inclined to collaborate but with a smaller inventor team size. This paper demonstrates the cultural differences in the performance of inventor team size, informing our understanding of input in research and development (R&D) activities.
从“稻米理论”视角解析我国发明人团队规模
摘要：研发人员是获得新技术的重要投入要素，研发人员之间的合作是学者关注的重要话题。Talhelm et al.(2014)提出了稻米理论（The Rice Theory），强调了水稻和小麦区的文化差异。水稻和小麦文化下发明人团队的合作行为有什么差异？本文利用我国发明专利大数据，探讨了水稻、小麦文化下发明人团队规模上的差异。最小二乘法和工具变量法估计结果表明，水稻区发明人团队规模比小麦区显著小了0.558-0.721人。利用中国秦岭淮河分界线，本文构建断点回归设计估计了局部平均处理效应（LATE），结果再次证实了稻麦文化与发明人团队规模间的因果关联。随后，我们通过稳健性检验证明了这一差异的显著存在。文化对于研发团队合作形式的影响是一个复杂的机制，我们对于上述发现提出了一个合理的解释，证明了水稻地区的发明人更倾向于合作，更强的信任也带来了更高的合作效率，导致为了达到新技术开发目的，水稻区的最优发明人团队规模更小。本文的研究为我们认识研发活动中的人员投入提供了参考，证实了发明人团队规模在文化上的表现差异。
How much between-group wage gaps can be explained by talent allocation frictions in China?
What explains huge wage gaps between different hukou and gender groups in China? This paper uses an overlapping generation model with human capital investment and occupational choices to quantify how much wage gaps between these groups can be imputed to two types of talent allocation frictions, labor market discrimination, and human capital accumulation barriers. The calibrated model indicates that the two types of talent allocation frictions can explain a significant proportion (four-fifths, one-third, and three-fifths) of the wage gap between each non-urban-men group (urban women, rural men, and rural women) and urban men in 2013. Our counterfactual exercise also shows that eliminating these two frictions since 1995 would result in about half a percentage point increase in China's economic growth rate between 1995 and 2013.
中国的天赋配置摩擦在多大程度上可以解释群体间工资差距？
摘要：中国不同户籍和性别的群体间巨大工资差距是由什么引起的？ 本文使用一个包含人力资本投资和职业选择的世代交叠模型来量化中国的群体间工资差距在多大程度上可以归因于两种类型的天赋配置摩擦：劳动市场歧视和人力资本积累障碍。校准模型表明，两种天赋配置摩擦可以解释很大一部分中国的群体间工资差距。以2013年为例，城市女性、农村男性和农村女性各自面临的两种天赋配置摩擦可分别解释五分之四、三分之一、五分之三的该群体与城市男性之间的工资差距。反事实实验还表明，消除自1995年以来的两种天赋配置摩擦将会使1995至2013年间中国的经济增长率提高约半个百分点。
Do food safety regulations impede agrifood exports of China?
Muhammad Ishaq, Zahoor ul Haq, Ping Qing, Chongguang Li
This study uses the gravity model to estimate the effects of food safety regulations implemented by the partner countries on agri-food exports of China. Annual bilateral trade data are compiled for major agrifood export items of China like apples, kidney beans, garlic, mandarins and orange, meat of swine, and tea. The panel data are estimated using both the fixed- and random-effect models. Results of the study show that all the standard gravity-type variables carry signs according to prior expectations and economic theory. The study concludes that food safety regulations have no effect on exports of all the selected commodities except meat of swine.
摘要：本文使用引力模型评估贸易伙伴国家实施的食品安全管理法规对于中国农产品出口的影响。本文收集了苹果、芸豆、大蒜、橘子和橙子、猪肉以及茶叶等中国主要出口农产品的年度双边贸易信息，并对这些农产品的面板数据利用固定效应和随机效应模型进行了估计。结果显示，引力模型所有标准变量系数的符号都符合预期，也与经济学理论一致。本文结论是，贸易伙伴国家食品安全管理法规对于中国除猪肉以外的所有其他所选商品出口均无影响。
Static and dynamic RCA analysis of India and China in world economy
This study is an attempt to examine similarities and differences in the patterns of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) of India and China in the global market at different levels of classification. The study analyses whether RCAs of these economies have undergone any structural shift/change or whether the pattern of specialization in these economies is competitive or complementary in the world market. The study reveals that India holds a comparative advantage in 9 out of 16 product groups of Harmonized System (HS) classification, 41 out of 97 HS chapters at HS 2-digit level, and 2377 out of 4163 traded commodities at HS 6-digit level, while China holds a comparative advantage in 6 out of 16 HS product groups, 45 out of 97 HS chapters at HS 2-digit level, and 2075 out of 4381 traded commodities at HS 6-digit level in 2018. Major findings suggest that both the countries have been performing well and broadly maintained their comparative advantage, especially since 2000. A comparative analysis of India and China reveals a small structural change in RCA over time in both economies at disaggregated levels. The study highlights that India and China neither have a competitive nor a complementary relationship in the global market. These findings reflect a scope of independent expansion of the economies of both India and China, without hurting mutual interest in the global market. It may be inferred from the results that mutual cooperation will enhance the competitiveness of both economies and contributes to global economic progress.
印度与中国在世界经济中的静态和动态显示性比较优势（RCA）分析
摘要：本文尝试考察在全球市场的不同分类层级上印度和中国显示性比较优势模式的异同。本文分析了这两个经济体的显示性比较优势是否经历过结构转型/变化，这两个经济体的贸易专业化类型在全球市场上是竞争性还是互补性。本文研究表明，2018年，按照海关编码（HS编码）分类，印度在16类产品里的9类、HS二位层级97个章里的41个、HS 六位层级4163个交易商品里的2377个里占有比较优势，而中国在16类HS产品里的6类、HS二位层级97个章里的45个、HS 六位层级4381个交易商品里的2075个里占有比较优势。文章的主要发现表明，印中两国，尤其是自2000年以来，均表现良好且基本维持住了各自的比较优势。对于印中两国的比较分析显示，随着时间的推移，两国在分解层次上的显示性比较优势均有细微的结构变化。本文强调，印中两国在全球市场上既没有竞争关系也没有互补关系。这些发现表明，印中两个经济体存在独立的贸易扩张空间，在全球市场上不会损伤共同利益。据此推断，相互合作将能强化两个经济体的竞争力，并有助于全球经济发展。
With the construction of ecological civilization, central government's direct inspections have become the new norm of environmental protection supervision. Since 2016, the central government has been dispatching supervision teams, one batch after another, to conduct environmental protection supervision in the provinces. In this paper, the regression discontinuity designs were used to study the impact of central environmental protection supervision on the quality of air and water. Our results indicate that air quality was improved significantly during the supervision, while water quality was improved significantly during the rectification period after the supervision. A heterogeneity analysis shows that supervision had a significant impact on highly polluted areas. The results further suggest that for the continuous improvement of environmental quality, it is necessary to build a long-term governance mechanism.
中央环保督察是否改善了环境质量？来自中国的证据
摘要：随着生态文明建设的持续推进，在环境监察方面，上级督察成为新常态。从2016年开始，中央开始分批次向省市派驻督察组对各地展开环保督查。本文采用断点回归的方法，研究了环保督察组的进驻对当地空气和水环境质量的影响。研究结果表明：空气质量在督察进驻期间明显改善；而水环境质量则在督查进驻结束后的整改期明显改善。异质性分析表明对高污染地区的督查效力更强。研究结果进一步表明：要让环境质量持续改善，需要构建长效治理机制。
